It is a longstanding debate: Is it better or worse to work out on
an empty stomach?
To answer this lets start by looking at some cherished myths
regarding eating and exercise.
Contrary to popular belief, research suggests that eating many
small meals throughout the day does NOT speed up the metabolism, and skipping a
meal will not make you fat. In addition,
breakfast is NOT magic! You do NOT have
to eat breakfast to be healthy, have high energy levels or be successful
working out! That does NOT mean it is
bad to eat breakfast or eat frequent meals!
In fact, skipping a meal or two, also known as “intermittent
fasting” can be beneficial in lowering insulin and increasing fat burning.
At the end of day if you remember nothing else remember this –
calories DO count! Your weight (and to
some extent your health) does in fact depend on not overeating calories
relative to what you burn. There are
MANY strategies for doing this and the most important thing is to develop a
lifestyle that you can stick with that provides adequate quantities of calories
(without overeating) along with adequate protein, fat, and carbohydrates and
micronutrients.
Optimizing Hormones (Fast)
As alluded to before, fasting triggers a cascade of hormonal
changes in the body that can assist in mobilizing fat along with two key
benefits:
1. Improved insulin sensitivity. The body releases insulin (a
hormone) when you eat to allow nutrients to enter our cells and without it you
are not long for this world! Part of
this action includes taking sugars out of your bloodstream and directing them
to the liver, muscles, and fat cells to be used as energy later. The trouble is
that eating too much and too often can make us more resistant to insulin’s
effects (particularly if your diet is high in carbohydrates that have little or
no fiber!). Insulin insensitivity is the
hallmark of type 2 diabetes, ups the risk of heart disease and cancer, it also
makes it harder to burn bodyfat. For
many people eating less frequently (i.e. fasting more regularly) can assist this
issue, because it results in the body releasing insulin less often, so we
become more sensitive to it. Increased
insulin sensitivity makes it easier to lose fat!
2. The second benefit to fasting is that it dramatically promotes
growth hormone (GH) release, which helps the body make new muscle tissue, burn
fat, and improve bone quality, physical function, and longevity. Along with regular weight training and proper
sleep, fasting is one of the best ways to increase the body’s GH. For example, one study showed that 24 hours
without food increases a male’s GH production by 2,000 percent and 1,300
percent in women.
The other big hormone associated with muscle building is
testosterone. Testosterone helps increase muscle mass and reduce body fat while
also improving energy, boosting libido, and even combating depression and heart
problems—in both men and women.
Fasting by itself does not have any effect on testosterone. However, there is an easy way to produce
large amounts of testosterone and growth hormone which creates an optimal
environment for building muscle and burning fat: exercising on an empty stomach!
A Quick Way to Improve Performance
Intense exercise using a lot of muscle (such as compound lifts
like squats, deadlifts, cleans, pull-ups, rows, etc.) can help increase in
testosterone—which is why it can make sense to combine exercise and fasting. Several
studies have found that that training in a fasted state is a terrific way to
build muscle, burn fat and increase insulin sensitivity. It also makes the body absorb the
post-workout meal or shake more efficiently!
More of the calories you eat go to the muscles with less being
stored as body fat. Exercising on an empty stomach has been shown to be
excellent for fat loss, and it has even been shown that people who train while
fasted progressively increase their fat burning ability at higher levels of
exercise intensity (due to an increase in fat burning enzymes at the cellular
level!)
There are also potential benefits for endurance sports since
running, cycling, or swimming on an empty stomach makes the body better at
using fat as a fuel during exercise. By
get used to doing workouts in a fasted state and then eating before races you
can supercharge your endurance by maximizing fat burning AND providing maximal
glycogen storage in muscles for the best of both worlds! When the body learns
to exert itself without any food, it gets better at performing when it does have
fuel in the tank.
There are also some studies showing decreased performance from
fasting exercise. However, many of these
studies are of Ramadan fasts, which do not allow the consumption of fluids.
Even so there are many people who do eat before exercise to
provide energy during the workout.
Part of this contradiction is explained by separating short workouts for
the average person vs long, hard workouts done a regular basis. For the former exercising in a fasted state
is not a problem while for the latter eating before working out can be
critical. Certainly, exercising in
a fasted state is NOT for everyone – nor is it required to great good results
from a workout program!
How to get the most from Exercise while Fasting!
First
- you can consume more than just water. If you are
okay with caffeine a coffee or tea with nothing but possibly a little half
and half can improve results by boosting fat burning even more!
Second
–
the obvious time for your workout is first thing in the morning! If you eat early say 5:30 – 6pm and
then go to bed and wake up and go workout you are on a natural fast.
Third
–
plan on eating after your workout insuring you consume protein, a little
fat, and plenty of carbs to maximize muscle building.
Fourth
- eat as many meals as you would like during your eating window. Note: We didn't say as many calories as
you like. But it’s not necessary to eat many meals throughout the day.
Despite some long-held
myths about the body only being able to absorb a certain amount of protein at a
time, we are completely capable of digesting the day's intake in one big meal
(of course, this does not mean that you need to!). Studies have shown that
doing so results in no strength or muscle loss, and some have even shown that
concentrating food intake into one or two meals each day can be a better way to
build lean muscle mass.
A lot of protein
just takes longer to digest and be utilized, but it still does get absorbed. So,
if you hate breakfast it is NOT the end of the world to skip it as is so
commonly believed! Adjust when you eat
so that it allows you to best control your food intake on a long term basis.
In Summary
Changing eating habits by
skipping a meal or two can be profoundly difficult for some people and is NOT
advisable for anyone who has had an issue with eating disorders such as
Anorexia!
Exercising while fasting is not for everybody, and if it is not
for you no need to do it. However just
because bodybuilders eat meals every 3 – 4 hours does not mean that this meal
frequency or fasting during exercise does not have benefits for some people –
because it does!